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Urinalysis, a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis,[1] is a panel of medical tests that includes physical (macroscopic) examination of the urine, chemical evaluation using urine test strips, and microscopic examination. Macroscopic examination targets parameters such as color, clarity, odor, and specific gravity; urine test strips measure chemical properties such as pHglucose concentration, and protein levels; and microscopy is performed to identify elements such as cellsurinary castscrystals, and organisms.[2]